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@#,Objective To analyze the current status and development trends of the patents of spleen-invigorating health food with the homology of medicine and food in China, and to provide ideas and references for the research and development of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) spleen-invigorating health food with the homology of medicine and food. @*Methods@#The State Administration for Market Regulation website’s “Special Food Information Query Platform” and the incoPat global patent database were searched in this study. Based on the methods of bibliometrics, the registered health food and patents related to spleen-invigorating health food with the homology of medicine and food in China were sorted out. Furthermore, the research and development numbers, provinces, institutions, technology and efficacy classification, major drugs, active ingredients and others of invigorating spleen health food in China were analyzed, and filtered patent data were visualized and analyzed by R programming language and CytoScape software. @*Results@# A total of 285 patents of health food with the homology of medicine and food for invigorating spleen were included and analyzed. From 2012, the patent registration numbers of these spleen-invigorating health food with the homology of medicine and food increased significantly in China. Over the past 20 years, the top five provinces in terms of patent disclosures were Guangdong, Anhui, Jiangsu, Shandong, and Guangxi. It was found that the technical efficacy of over 20 patents was described as “immune enhancement” “digestion” “disease prevention”, etc. Patent applications were mainly aimed at the research and development of the preservation of food or ingredients, the specific therapeutic activity of compounds, and pharmaceutical preparations, which were led by corporation research and development registrations, and supplemented by applications from research institutions and individuals. Among the 285 patents, the top 10 raw materials of spleen-invigorating health food with the homology of medicine and food were Shanyao (Dioscoreae Rhizoma), Fuling (Poria), Shanzha (Crataegi Fructus), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Dazao (Jujubae Fructus), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Fengmi (Mel), Maiya (Hordei Fructus Germinatus), and Dangshen (Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma). The main functions were to nourish spleen and replenish Qi, invigorate spleen and benefit lungs, nourish blood and promote fluid production, and nourish spleen and stomach. @*Conclusion@#The main drug composition and functional components of spleen-invigorating health food with the homology of medicine and food are relatively clear, and the technical effects of invigorating the spleen and stomach, eliminating accumulation of food, and enhancing immunity are highly targeted. This paper provides evidence for the research and development, mechanism research, and process improvement of spleen-invigorating health food with the homology of medicine and food in the future.
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Background: The food security and nutrition of millions of people around the world is currently being threatened by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, an evolving health crisis. Aim: To evaluate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on nutrition and health of adults in Calabar, especially after the hard lockdown.Setting: Online cross-sectional survey in Calabar, Nigeria. Method: After sample size determination, an online questionnaire was designed, content-validated by nutrition experts and piloted on 20 respondents. The questionnaire link was circulated for 6 weeks (AprilMay, 2021). The questionnaire was structured to gather socio-economic data, lifestyles of the participants (especially younger adults) and changes in dietary intake and health. Descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation were used to define the proportion of responses for each question and check for association. Results: No glaring nutrition or health problems was observed in the surveyed population (385 respondents), but many (50%) earned very low monthly income (< 50 000 naira). A drop in finances seemed to have indirectly caused a decrease in food consumption post-lockdown. A strong association between age and health risks was observed; similarly, alcohol intake was significantly affected by income and age. Conclusion: The pandemic caused many changes in people's dietary habits and lifestyles, including financial setbacks. Apparently, education and proper enlightenment play a major role in food choices (despite limited resources), thus ensuring adequate nutrition and reducing health risks in the face of a pandemic. Contribution: This study has affirmed the efficacy of nutrition education and proper awareness in ensuring healthy dietary choices, optimal health and reduced risks of diseases.
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Pandemics , Diet, Healthy , COVID-19 , Health , Public Health , Fast Foods , Food SupplyABSTRACT
Objective: to analyze the nutritional status of adolescents in the state of Pará, Brazil, in order to observe the trends in the Height x Age and BMI x Age indexes. Material and Methods: it was a quantitative, retrospective, and cross-sectional study from 2010 to 2019. The female and male sex were evaluated in each nutritional status index "Height x Age" and "BMI x Age". The collected data were organized in Microsoft Excel 2010 software and statistics was performed in the Action Stat 3.7 program. The ethics and investigation committee's assessment was not necessary. Results: in "Height x Age", a total of 132,114 adolescents, age ≥ 10 and < 20 years, were registered and the female gender prevailed (65.8%), normality in the distribution of data was observed and no difference was noted in this category. In the "BMI x Age", 132,204 were reported, a normal distribution was found, but there was a statistical difference between sexes in the categories: "overweight", "obesity", "severe obesity" and "eutrophy", which represented the largest percentage (73.4%). Conclusion: the population is mostly female, and the distribution of records is heterogeneous. Both sexes were shown to be of adequate height for their age and eutrophic. However, it was noticed the nutritional scenario is changing, which may lead, in the future, to public health problems, such as the increase in the number of patients with chronic non-communicable diseases..(AU)
Objetivo: analizar el estado nutricional de los adolescentes en el estado de Pará, Brasil, con el fin de observar las tendencias en los índices Talla x Edad e IMC x Edad. Material y Métodos: fue un estudio cuantitativo, retrospectivo y transversal de 2010 a 2019. Se evaluó el sexo femenino y masculino en cada índice de estado nutricional "Altura x Edad" e "IMC x Edad". Los datos recopilados se organizaron en el software Microsoft Excel 2010 y las estadísticas se realizaron en el programa Action Stat 3.7. No fue necesaria la evaluación del comité de ética e investigación. Resultados: en "Talla x Edad" se registró un total de 132.114 adolescentes, edad ≥ 10 y <20 años y predominó el género femenino (65,8%), se observó normalidad en la distribución de los datos y no se notó diferencia en esta categoría. En el "IMC x Edad" se reportaron 132.204, se encontró una distribución normal, pero hubo diferencia estadística entre los sexos en las categorías: "sobrepeso", "obesidad", "obesidad severa" y "eutrofia", que representaron el mayor porcentaje (73,4%). Conclusión: la población es mayoritariamente femenina y la distribución de registros es heterogénea. Se demostró que ambos sexos tenían una estatura adecuada para su edad y eran eutróficos. Sin embargo, se advirtió que el escenario nutricional está cambiando, lo que puede generar, en el futuro, problemas de salud pública, como el aumento del número de pacientes con enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles..(AU)
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In this paper， a comparative analysis is carried out on the policy of listed drugs in Australia， the policy of over-the-counter drugs in Japan， the policy related to the conversion of Chinese patent medicines to over-the-counter drugs， and the policy related to health food. The focus is on one of the possible situations for the registration of over-the-counter traditional Chinese medicines （TCMs）， namely new prescription-composed over-the-counter TCMs. This paper discussed separately from the three parts of the scope of Chinese medicinal materials in the prescription medicines， the scope of indications， and the technical requirements， in order to provide references for the technical requirements related to the registration of over-the-counter TCMs. Recommendations on the marketing and registration of new prescription-composed over-the-counter TCMs：①It is recommended to formulate a list of medicinal materials for the use of Chinese herbal medicines， and consider including raw materials of health food. On this basis， a batch of safe Chinese medicinal materials/decoction pieces was added. And consider dynamic supervision， such as allowing the addition or recall of Chinese medicinal materials/decoction pieces in the list of medicinal materials. ②The scope of indications is recommended to consider the scope of indications for the conversion of Chinese patent medicines to over-the-counter TCMs in China， and the selection of medium-risk indications can reflect the characteristics and advantages of TCM treatment. ③Efficacy evaluation needs to provide high-quality scientific evidence， including clinical research data， and consider relaxing the requirements for non-clinical pharmacodynamic trials.
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Huaier granule, which is clinically used in Japan as a health food, is originally a traditional Chinese medicine for immune dysfunction, such as cancer, in China. Huaier guanule emerged with abundant evidence, and is being prescribed to hepatocellular carcinoma, breast cancer, lung cancer, gastric cancer, et al. as indications in China. This review focused on the clinical evidence of Huaier guanule associated to breast cancer.
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As a traditional Chinese medicine， Ziziphi Spinosae Semen （ZSS） has the functions of tonifying liver， tranquilizing heart， astringent sweat and producing body fluid， which is used to treat neurasthenia， insomnia， dreaminess， debility， night sweat and so on. With the rapid and constant development of ZSS resource industry and its medicinal value， a large number of by-products and waste generated in the production and processing process， resulting in serious environmental problems. In general， the utilization rate of ZSS resources was still not high. Based on this， the chemical components and potential resources of ZSS were systematically combed from the perspective of the medicinal parts and bioactive components in this paper， and the authors had summarized that the widely application of ZSS and its by-products （fruit， leaf， root， etc.） in the fields of food， medicine， functional food and other areas was discovered and summarized as feed， feed additives， activated carbon， organic fertilizer， etc. In addition， this paper systematically summarized the current environmental protection problems of the industry， and put forward suggestions for improvement， aiming at reducing environmental pollution and improving the utilization efficiency of resources， so as to provide reference and basis for the comprehensive utilization of ZSS and its by-products， and promote the green， economical and double-effect development of the industry.
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As Boas Práticas de Fabricação (BPF) constituem uma ferramenta importante para garantir a segurança alimentar e a qualidade dos produtos alimentícios. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi realizar uma análise das avaliações sobre Boas Práticas de Fabricação aplicadas na integração dos funcionários ao ingressarem na empresa após terem recebido treinamento sobre o assunto, avaliaram-se também as não conformidades (NC) dos funcionários da mesma agroindústria nas inspeções pessoais durante o período de trabalho, (motivos e sua categorização em relação às BPF). Observou-se nas avaliações aplicadas aos funcionários no seu ingresso na empresa, que a questão relacionada às unhas compridas não obteve nenhum erro, entretanto este item apresenta maior irregularidade entre os funcionários durante as inspeções pessoais apontando 31% das NC avaliadas, e que a relação da NC objetos no bolso que na inspeção dos funcionários na empresa, representou 13% das NC e quando relacionado à avaliação efetuada no ingresso, a mesma apresentou apenas 1,55% das respostas com erro. Com estes resultados foi possível realizar uma comparação e concluiu-se que o descumprimento às normas de boas práticas, não refletem nos erros e acertos na avaliação aplicada aos funcionários, mas possivelmente de hábitos do dia a dia e à falta de conscientização dos funcionários frente ao tema
Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) is an important tool to ensure food safety and the quality of food products. The objective of this research was to perform an analysis of the Good Manufacturing Practices assessments applied to the integration of employees upon joining the company after having received training on the subject. It was also evaluated the nonconformities (NC) of the same agribusiness employees in the personal inspections. during the working period, (reasons and their categorization in relation to GMP). It was observed in the assessments applied to employees when joining the company, that the issue related to long nails did not get any error, however this item presents greater irregularity among employees during personal inspections pointing 31% of the evaluated NC, and that the relationship of the NC objects in the pocket that in the inspection of the employees in the company, represented 13% of the NC and when related to the evaluation made in the entrance, it presented only 1.55% of the answers with error. With these results it was possible to make a comparison and it was concluded that the noncompliance with the good practices norms do not reflect the errors and correctness in the evaluation applied to the employees, but possibly of the daily habits and the lack of employees' awareness regarding the theme
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Objective: Through searching the information of health food with the function of alleviating visual fatigue published on the Special Food Information Query Platform, and the product information data of ophthalmic proprietary Chinese medicine with health care function in the prescription database of Chinese patent medicine based on Pharmaceutical Intelligence data network, so as to provide the basis and reference for the development of the health food formulations and products with the function of relieving visual fatigue. Methods: Microsoft Excel 2016 software and Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance System were used to make statistics on the detected product information and analyze its formula characteristics. Results: A total of 141 kinds of health food with visual fatigue relief function were collected, of which 64 kinds (45.4%) contained traditional Chinese medicine in the formula of health food. There were six herbs of Chinese materia medica raw materials with frequency ≥ 5, which were used 145 times (72%), from high to low, Chrysanthemum morifolium, Lycium barbarum, Cassiae Semen, Mori Fructus, Rehmannia glutinosa and Poria cocos were used respectively. Three new prescriptions were obtained by unsupported entropy clustering. Non-traditional Chinese medicine raw materials are widely used in health food to alleviate visual fatigue, there were 60 products containing foreign natural plant resources and 17 products containing xanthin and vitamins. According to statistics on the products with health function in ophthalmic Chinese patent medicine, there were seven kinds of traditional Chinese medicine materials with frequency ≥ 4, which were used 32 times (29%), from high to low, they were Lycium barbarum, Cassiae Semen, Cuscuta chinensis, Rehmannia glutinosa, Chrysanthemum morifolium, Schisandra chinensis, and Plantago asiatica. A new prescription was obtained by unsupervised entropy hierarchical clustering. Conclusion: The choice of raw materials of Chinese materia medica in health food is basically consistent with traditional Chinese medicine theory in the treatment of visual fatigue principle, that is, nourishing the liver and kidney, calming liver and improving eyesight. However, they are different in the selection range of traditional Chinese medicine raw materials, the compatibility of raw materials, the types of dosage forms and so on. In addition, under the guidance of syndrome differentiation and health care theory, this paper attempts to apply the statistical method of literature data processing to screen new formulas and develop new products, which opens up new ideas and methods for the research and development of health care products of traditional Chinese medicine compound.
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Theaflavins are a category of natural compounds characterized with the benzotropolone skeleton. Theaflavins have many pharmacological actions, such as antioxidant, regulating blood-lipid, hypoglycemic, antiviral, anti-inflammation, hypouricemic, anti-bacterial, anti-tumor, anti-osteoporosis. Theaflavins is one of the research focuses of natural active ingredients in tea, and it is more and more widely used in the development of terminal products with health food, medicine, cosmetics, animal feed, plant pesticide, and so on. Based on the literatures review of theaflavins in recent years, taking the theaflavins structure as the starting point, the biological activities of theaflavins were reviewed, the research and application of theaflavins in health food, medicine and other fields were focused on, in order to provide reference for the application and development of theaflavins.
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With the improvement of living standard and enhancement of health consciousness, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, as a common medicinal material that can be widely used in health food, is focused an increasing number of scholars′ attention at home and abroad. Based on Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma health food published by the food website of National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), this paper combs and analyzes their dosage forms, functional components, health-care functions and prescriptions of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Meanwhile, the Apriori algorithm module in SPSS Modeler 15.0 is used to explore the formulation rules of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma health food. The results showed that capsules was the most common (about 55.34%), and the infusions and beverages were rare. In the aspect of health-care function, it is mainly used to auxiliary hypolipidemic, auxiliary protective function to chemical liver injury, enhance immunity and dispel chloasma. Among 92 cases of the health food with auxiliary hypolipidemic, the common combination of TCM was Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma-Gynostemmatis Pentaphylli Herba-Puerariae Lobatae Radix. Among 55 cases of the health food with auxiliary protective function to chemical liver injury, the common combination of TCM was Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma-Puerariae Lobatae Radix-Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus. Among 54 cases of the health food with immune-enhancing, the common combination of TCM was Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma-Astragali Radix-Lycii Fructus. Among 46 cases of the health food with dispelling chloasma, the common combination of TCM was Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma-Angelicae Sinensis Radix-grape seeds. The selection of prescription compatibility of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma health food with different health-care functions is basically consistent with the TCM treatment with syndrome differentiation theory and modern medical theory. This article interprets the application of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma health food from the perspective of dosage forms, functional components, health-care functions and compatibility of prescriptions, which can provide a basis and reference for precise and efficient research and development of this kind of health food.
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Fatigue is a widespread and complex physiological phenomenon. Chronic fatigue can lead to cardiovascular dysfunction, mental disorders and other serious pathological reactions. Therefore, how to relieve fatigue accurately and effectively is an important proposition to implement the concept of "Healthy China" in the new era. As an important part of Chinese medicine health industry, Chinese medicine health food has been developing rapidly in recent years. At present, there are 1 157 kinds of anti-fatigue health food on the market in China, most of which are single Chinese medicine and its compound. However, their functions are generally labeled as "anti-fatigue", and their function positioning is too extensive and unclear. With the deepened understanding of fatigue classification and its physiological and pathological basis, it is urgent to be combined with the progress of modern chemical and pharmacological stu-dies to differentiate and precisely position the anti-fatigue health effects of traditional Chinese medicine. For this purpose, the classifications of fatigue were summarized in this paper, and the mechanism of fatigue was explained from the aspects of energy metabolism, accumulation of metabolites, oxidative stress, inflammation, hypothalamus pituitary adrenal axis and so on. We selected 10 traditional Chinese medicines which are most frequently used in health food, analyzed their anti-fatigue effect mechanisms, and summarized the best types of anti-fatigue food, so as to promote the scientific development of anti-fatigue health food industry, expand the market application scope of anti-fatigue health food, better respond to the construction of a healthy China and serve for people's health.
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China , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Food , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Plants, MedicinalABSTRACT
Resumen Introducción: En el fenómeno migratorio desde Venezuela hacia Colombia, las mujeres representan una proporción significativa entre los migrantes irregulares; de ellas, las gestantes han sido priorizadas por sus condiciones particulares de vulnerabilidad. Sin embargo, se desconocen sus condiciones de salud. Objetivos: Caracterizar multidimensionalmente la situación de salud de las gestantes venezolanas migrantes irregulares, residentes en las principales ciudades receptoras del Caribe colombiano: Barranquilla y Riohacha. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en 520 gestantes venezolanas migrantes irregulares, captadas por muestreo sistemático en hospitales públicos, y comunitariamente a través de búsqueda activa en bola de nieve entre agosto de 2018 y mayo de 2019. Con un cuestionario estandarizado se evaluaron los principales problemas de salud, estado nutricional, seguridad alimentaria, presencia de síntomas depresivos, accesibilidad y satisfacción con los servicios de salud. Resultados: La mitad percibía su salud durante el embarazo como buena o muy buena (53,4%). El 51,3% presentó anemia ferropénica y la mayoría algún grado de inseguridad alimentaria (87,5%). La prevalencia de síntomas depresivos clínicamente significativos fue del 32,1%. Una alta proporción reportó algún tipo de violencia por parte de su pareja (90,2%). El 25,9% requirió atención sanitaria por urgencias independiente de la atención prenatal. El 62,7% calificó la atención por urgencias como muy buena o buena, mientras que el 73,1% piensa que le brindaron la atención necesaria para su problema de salud. Conclusiones: Los principales problemas de salud en gestantes que participaron en el estudio corresponden a la inseguridad alimentaria, anemia, síntomas depresivos, violencia de pareja y ausencia de controles prenatales. Su situación de salud debe considerarse en el marco del proceso migratorio y desde los determinantes sociales de la salida, tránsito, llegada y retorno. Las medidas de atención primaria para esta población deben seguir siendo fortalecidas por el sistema de salud a nivel territorial y basadas en evidencia.
Abstract Introduction: In the current migration from Venezuela to Colombia, women represent a significant proportion of the irregular migrant population, and those who are pregnant have been a priority given their particularly vulnerable condition. Nevertheless, their health conditions are not known. Objectives: To obtain a multi-dimensional characterization of the health situation of irregular Venezuelan migrants who are pregnant and residing in the main receiving the Caribbean region of Colombia: Barranquilla and Riohacha. Methods: We carried out a descriptive, cross-sectional study with 520 pregnant women surveyed from August 2018 to May 2019 with a systematic sampling in public hospitals and an active community search using snowball sampling. We used a standardized questionnaire to evaluate the main health problems, nutritional status, food security, presence of depressive symptoms and accessibility/ satisfaction with health services. Results: Half of the participants perceived their health during pregnancy as good or very good (53.4%), 51.3% presented iron deficiency anemia, and the majority (87.5%) experienced some lack of food security. The prevalence of clinically significant depressive symptoms was 32.1%. A high proportion reported some type of intimate partner violence (90.2%). 25.9% required urgent medical care, irrespective of the prenatal care they received. With regard to quality of care in the emergency service, 62.7% rated it as very good or good, and 73.1% reported that they received the care that was needed for their health problem. Conclusions: Food insecurity, anemia, depressive symptoms, violence committed by the partner and lack of prenatal care were the main health problems for pregnant women who participated in the study. Their health situation should be viewed in the context of the migration process, based on the social determinants of emigration, transit, arrival, and return. The health care system should continue to strengthen primary care measures for this population at the local level and based on the evidence.
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Humans , Pregnancy , Emigration and Immigration , Venezuela , Pregnancy , Colombia , Caribbean Region , Reproductive Health , Social Determinants of Health , Maternal Health , Food SupplyABSTRACT
There are 486 kinds of health food with Puerariae Lobatae Radix as the main raw material, mainly including health food for protecting liver, health food for regulating blood lipid, health food for adjusting blood pressure, health food for regulating blood sugar, and health food for regulating immunity.Based on the establishment of a health food recipe database with Puerariae Lobatae Radix as the main raw material, the Apriori algorithm in association rules was used to explore the formula rule of health food of Puerariae Lobatae Radix.The results showed that among the 174 kinds of hepatoprotective health food, the most used raw materials were Noveniae Fructus and Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus;the common combinations of three raw materials were Puerariae Lobatae Radix-Gardeniae Fructus-Paeoniae Radix Alba, Puerariae Lobatae Radix-Gynostemmatis Pentaphylli Herba-Cassiae Semen, etc.Among the 91 kinds of health food for regulating blood lipid, the most widely used raw materials were Cassiae Semen and Gynostemmatis Pentaphylli Herba;the common combinations of three raw materials were Puerariae Lobatae Radix-Cassiae Semen-Chrysanthemi Flos, Puerariae Lobatae Radix-Alismatis Rhizoma-Mori Folium, etc.Among the 41 kinds of health food for regulating blood pressure, the most widely used raw materials were Eucommiae Cortex and Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma;the common combinations of the three raw materials were Puerariae Lobatae Radix-Cassiae Semen-Ostreae Concha, Puerariae Lobatae Radix-Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma-Sophorae Flos, etc.Among the 105 kinds of health food for regulating blood sugar, the most widely used raw materials were Dioscoreae Rhizoma and Astragali Radix;the common combinations of three raw materials were Puerariae Lobatae Radix-Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma-Lycii Cortex, Puerariae Lobatae Radix-Dioscoreae Rhizoma-Poria, Puerariae Lobatae Radix-Dioscoreae Rhizoma-Lycii Cortex, etc.Among the 75 kinds of health food for regulating immunity, the most widely used raw materials were Astragali Radix and Lycii Fructus;the common combinations of three raw materials were Puerariae Lobatae Radix-Gastrodiae Rhizoma-Eucommiae Cortex, Puerariae Lobatae Radix-Mori Fructus-Lonicerae Japonicae Flos, Puerariae Lobatae Radix-Panacis Quinquefolii Radix-Crataegi Fructus, etc.
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With the development of social economy,people's demand for health services is growing rapidly. As health resource with Chinese characteristics,health food containing Chinese materia medica have broad prospect and great market space for development.However,at present,there are still many problems of health food containing Chinese materia media in the research,development,evaluation and market application. In addition,due to lack of theoretical support of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) in the research and development of health food containing Chinese materia media,blurred boundaries between health food containing Chinese materia media and other health products as well as TCM are present,lacking of TCM characteristics. In the evaluation process of health food containing Chinese materia media,the construction of functional food laws,regulations and evaluation norms is relatively lagging behind,which can't meet the needs of health food containing Chinese materia media research and development,severely restricting the development of health food containing Chinese materia media. Based on the research and evaluation of health food containing Chinese materia media,the existing problems were reviewed and the reasons for the deficiencies were analyzed in this paper. Guided by the theory of TCM,based on the constitution identification in TCM,and combined with modern scientific and technological means,a new research and development mode of functional food was put forward in this paper to distinguish health food containing Chinese materia media from TCM as well as general health products. Nevertheless,we should ensure the vitality of Chinese medicine health products with original thinking and scientific and technological connotations,and accelerate the harmonious,rapid and sustainable development of Chinese medicine health industry.
Subject(s)
Functional Food , Industry , Materia Medica , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , ResearchABSTRACT
The health food industry is an important support for the big health industry and the strategy of healthy China. The Chinese medicine prescription health food has exceeded 60% of the total declared health food. However,the main basis for its function evaluation,the Technical Specification for Inspection and Evaluation of Health Food,was abolished in 2018,and 27 of them were based on modern medical and nutritional theories. Quantitative efficacy evaluation methods in western pharmacology are short of function claims and function evaluation methods reflecting the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine,which could affect the health food industry to a certain extent. Therefore,the establishment of the evaluation mechanism of Chinese medicine prescription health food which conforms to the positioning of health food and the theory of traditional Chinese medicine is helpful for the healthy development of health food industry. In this paper,this problem was explained from five aspects. First,how to differentiate the positioning of Chinese medicine prescription health food from ordinary food and medicine,and how to embody the characteristics of Chinese medicine. Secondly,the relationship between traditional Chinese medicine prescription health food and Chinese patent medicine. Thirdly,how to scientifically and reasonably determine the raw materials of traditional Chinese medicine prescription health food. Fourthly,how to explain the function claim of traditional Chinese medicine prescription health food,and how to evaluate its function scientifically and reasonably. Fifthly,the functional evaluation of Chinese herbal medicine prescription health food is connected with other national scientific and technological strategies. In this paper,a preliminary analysis of the Chinese medicine prescription health food was conducted from the above five aspects,and some personal views and suggestions were put forward,hoping to provide reference for the competent authorities and researchers.
Subject(s)
China , Food , Food Industry , Medicine, Chinese TraditionalABSTRACT
At present,the function evaluation of health food containing Chinese materia medica is in lack of theoretical support of Chinese medicine,which can't reflect the function characteristics,dose-effect relationship and mechanism of functional food. What' s more,the evaluation technology of health food containing Chinese materia medica is relatively lagging behind and has been abolished now,which seriously restricts the development of health food containing Chinese materia medica industry. The proportion of health food containing Chinese materia medica with enhancing immune function is the highest among approved products,which is up to 30.33%. By collecting,analyzing and digging the current evaluation situation of enhancing immune function of health food containing Chinese materia medica,this paper has shown that there is no difference between health food containing Chinese materia medica evaluation and other functional food evaluation. What's more,there is a lack of characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM). The technological means including evaluation of immune active substances is under-developed and the immune cell evaluation needs to be refined and improved urgently,restricting the development of health food containing Chinese materia medica industry. Therefore,the evaluation of the enhanced immune function of health food containing Chinese materia medica should be guided by health-preserving theory in TCM,and based on the identification of TCM constitution for its claim of health function. With TCM theory and modern scientific technological means,a new evaluation model for immune function enhancement of health food containing Chinese materia medica is put forward to distinguish it from other functional food and traditional medicines. Formulation of the evaluation technology and technical specifications suitable for health food containing Chinese materia medica can fundamentally ensure the healthy,orderly,fast and sustainable development of health food containing Chinese materia medica industry.
Subject(s)
Humans , Functional Food , Immune System , Materia Medica , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Research Design , TechnologyABSTRACT
Health food containing Chinese materia medica has many advantages in health preservation and reducing the risk of disease occurrence,which meets people's demands for " great health" and " preventive treatment of disease". However,due to its complex ingredients,diverse quality of raw materials,as well as the vagueness and lack of integrity for existing quality standards,chaos is caused in the health food market,which restricts its healthy development and also poses new challenges to the quality control of healthy food. At present,the total component content or single component content is determined in most functional/marker component examinations. Safety and microbial detection methods fail to cover the contamination range of the raw materials of Chinese materia medica.Therefore,it is impossible to meet the purpose of ensuring authenticity,safety and efficacy. In recent years,a lot of Chinese materia medica extracts have been used as raw materials for food products,but many extracts lack standards. The author believes that the quality control of health food containing Chinese materia medicas should start with the quality control of Chinese materia medica extracts. In this way,product quality is controlled from source to ensure product consistency; secondly,the overall quality control should be strengthened to ensure the authenticity of the products; the scope of safety inspection shall be expanded to fundamentally ensure the safety of products. At the same time,we should strengthen the quality control of whole process and strengthen the overall quality control of raw materials to produce health food of high quality.
Subject(s)
Food , Reference Standards , Materia Medica , Reference Standards , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Quality Control , Research DesignABSTRACT
Number of products claiming to enhance immunity function ranks first among all the approved health food products,and number of products whose formula contains Chinese medicine accounts for two thirds of all the products claiming to enhance immunity function. Chinese medicine allowed to be used in health food has a specified range,and the safety of raw materials is generally higher.The usage amount of raw materials shall not exceed the upper limit stipulated in the literature or regulations. The claim of enhancement of immunity function is put forward by western medicine based on modern pharmacology and nutriology. However,immunity is wide in scope and complex in mechanism. The health food that contains Chinese medicine plays an active effect in enhancement of immunity under the guidance of Chinese medicine theory in many ways such as immune organs,immune cells and immune molecules. In this article,the author first analyzed the current use of raw materials for health food,then summarized the approved health food claiming to enhance immunity function,and conducted statistical analysis on the enhancement of immunity for traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)health food,use of raw materials,compatibility of raw materials,conducted in-depth analysis on health food formula,safety,health function,quality control and production process from the perspectives of technical review,supervision and management. Finally,some suggestions on registration and supervision of TCM health food claiming to enhance immunity function were put forward from the perspectives of problems found in the supervision and from the demand of TCM health food in the future.
Subject(s)
Humans , Food , Reference Standards , Immune System , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Quality ControlABSTRACT
Objetivo: Evaluar la preferencia de dos diseños de etiquetado frontal en productos industrializados (octógono vs. semáforo-GDA). Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal realizado con usuarios de mercados de Lima Metropolitana (Chorrillos, Breña, La Victoria y La Molina). Se utilizó una encuesta previamente validada que constó de cuatro preguntas basadas en láminas con cada etiquetado nutricional: ¿cuál de los productos le parece más saludable?", "¿por qué escogió este?", "¿cuál de las dos etiquetas le parece más fácil de entender?" y "¿cuál de los dos etiquetados le gusta más?". Los datos se presentaron en porcentajes y medianas (rango intercuartilar) y las diferencias entre los grupos se evaluaron con la prueba exacta de Fisher (datos categóricos). Resultados: Se encuestaron 93 usuarios, el semáforo-GDA fue elegido como el etiquetado más saludable (74,3%) y el que más les gustó (69,9%); sin embargo, el octógono fue el que les pareció más fácil de entender (58,4%). La mayoría de los usuarios consideró el semáforo como más saludable debido a que "tienen más símbolos verdes en la etiqueta", lo que podría confundir la finalidad de la advertencia nutricional, minimizando el impacto del símbolo rojo y/o amarillo por presentarse en menor cantidad. Conclusiones: Los participantes mencionaron que el octógono era más sencillo y fácil de leer; los símbolos verdes del semáforo-GDA podrían influir en que el producto se perciba como más saludable.
Objective: To determine preferences when choosing two designs for nutrition facts labeling in food products (octagon vs. GDA semaphore). Material and methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study that was performed in clients form markets in some Lima districts (Chorrillos, Breña, La Victoria, and La Molina). A previously validated questionnaire was used, which included 4 questions based in pictures showing options for nutrition facts labeling: Which one of these products do you consider is the healthiest?", "Why did you choose this one?", "Which one of these labels do you consider is the easiest to understand?", and "Which one of the two labels do you like the most?". Data were presented as percentages and medians (interquartile ranges), and differences between groups were assessed using Fisher's exact test (categorical data). Results: Ninety-three persons were interviewed, and the GDA semaphore was chosen as the healthiest nutrition facts labeling (74.3%), and it also was the most liked option. However, the octagon was deemed as the easiest to understand (58.4%). Most users considered the GDA semaphore as the healthiest choice, since "it shows more green signs on the label", which may confound the purpose of this nutritional warning system, minimizing the impact of the red and/or yellow symbols because they may be less frequently present. Conclusions: The interviewed persons mentioned that the octagon was easier to read and understand; the green symbols on the GDA semaphore may influence in considering the product as a healthier choice.
ABSTRACT
Through searching the information of chemical liver injury protection function of health food on the State Food and Drug Administration website and using Microsoft Excel 2016 software and Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance System, to analyze formula characteristics of health food and provide the basis for the formulation of health food with auxiliary protective function in chemical liver injury and the development of the product. A total of 325 kinds of health food were collected, of which 282 (86.8%) health food formulations contained Chinese materia medica (CMM) raw materials. The number of health food with one single health care function and two healthy functions was 192 and 133, respectively. In terms of dosage forms, there were 156 capsules, which account for about half of the total. Moreover, there were 21 kinds of CMM raw materials with more than 18 of the use frequency (f) and accumulated 768 times (73%). Nine new prescriptions were obtained by unsupervised entropy hierarchical clustering. The CMM is widely used in the health food which has the auxiliary protective function in the chemical liver injury. The choice of dosage forms is based on convenience of taking and carrying. Five commonly used functional ingredients are total flavonoids, crude polysaccharides, puerarin, total saponins, and taurine. The choice of CMM is basically consistent of the principle of traditional Chinese medicine treatment of chemical liver disease which are detoxification, strengthening the body resistance, promoting blood circulation, clearing away heat, dehumidification and so on. The most commonly used drugs are anti-alcoholismic drugs, tonic medicine, blood-activating and stasis-resolving drugs, heat-clearing drugs, and damp-draining diuretic. Nine new prescriptions found by software must be further evaluated in combination with the theory and practice of Chinese medicine and comprehensive analysis.